While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [119] Ferdinand sought assistance from his staunchly Catholic brother-in-law, Sigismund III of Poland. The restored Ferdinand set about strengthening the Catholic church in Bohemia, reduced the authority of the Diet, and forcibly converted Austrian and Bohemian Protestants. [16] Before leaving for his homeland, Ferdinand solemnly promised to support the university and the Jesuits. [151] Lamormaini awakened Ferdinand's determination to adopt strict measures against the Protestants. [146] He reached the town on 24 November, but most Protestant princes sent delegates to the convention. 15. r/ancientrome. Aufl., Frankfurt a. M. 1971. With the loss of his commander, he was once again forced to rely on the Catholic League army under Tilly, who was unable to stem the Swedish advance and was killed in 1632. (1608-1657), rmisch-deutscher Kaiser 1. [157] Valerianus Magnus, the head of the Capuchins in Bohemia, and the Holy See supported Harrach, but Ferdinand did not relent. [98] He urged Matthias to send an envoy to Prague, but Matthias' envoy could not reach a compromise. 12 days ago. He was the oldest son of Archduke Charles of the Inner Austrian line of the Hapsburgs (ruling in Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, etc., since 1576) and Maria, the daughter of Duke Albert V of Bavaria. Media related to Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor at Wikimedia Commons. Birth of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, His Royal Highness Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, Baptism of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Birth of Christine von Habsburg, Erzherzogin, Birth of Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Kaiser. [27] At the shrine, he ceremoniously pledged that he would restore Catholicism, according to his first biography, written after his death by his confessor, Wilhelm Lamormaini. [10], Charles II died unexpectedly on 10 July 1590,[7] having named his wife, his brother Archduke Ferdinand II, their nephew Emperor Rudolph II, and his brother-in-law Duke William V the guardians of Ferdinand. [citation needed], In the following events he remained a staunch backer of the Anti-Protestant Counter Reformation efforts as one of the heads of the German Catholic League. Ferdinnd mg a kzdelem sorn, 1637-ben Bcsben meghalt. Following to which he introduced Spain into the imperial expansion. Habsburg, Katharina-Renata von Habsburg, Elisabeth von Habsburg, Karl von Habsburg, Gregoria-Maximiliana von Habsburg, Eleonora von Habs Maria-Anna von Wittelsbach, Eleonora Gonzaga, Hofburg Palace, Vienna, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), Graz, Steiermark, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), Graz, Steiermark, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), , Kaiser des Heiligen Rmischen Reiches Deutscher Nation, Descendants of the first King of Portugal, D.Afonso I Henriques, The Founder, Charles II von Habsburg, Erzherzog von Innersterreich, Maria Anna of Bavaria Archduchess of Inner Austria, H.I. After Frederick's flight to the Netherlands, Ferdinand ordered a massive effort to bring about re-conversion to Catholicism in Bohemia and Austria, causing Protestantism there to nearly disappear in the following decades, and reducing the Diet's power. COOMODEL SE106 1/6 Ferdinand II of Holy Roman Empire Action Figure Body Hands. The Second Defenestration of Prague of 22 May 1618 is considered the first step of the Thirty Years' War. The now-deposed Frederick fled to the Netherlands and Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria, the leader of the Catholic League, moved to confiscate his lands in the Palatinate. "[65] He requested the scholar Caspar Schoppe, whom he had met at the Imperial Diet, to elaborate a detailed plan for an alliance of the Catholic monarchs. [66] Only Philip III of Spain, who promised financial aid to the League, could persuade the Catholic princes to accept Ferdinand as a director and the vice-protector of the League in August. [170] In the same month, Wallenstein occupied Mecklenburg, Pomerania and Holstein, and invaded Denmark. [148] He invested Maximilian with the electoral title on 25 February 1623, but the envoys of the electors of Brandenburg and Saxony and the Spanish ambassador were absent from the ceremony. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 February 15, 1637), of the House of Habsburg, reigned as Holy Roman Emperor from 1619-1637. He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. In 1622, he married Eleonore of Mantua (Gonzaga) (1598-1655), the daughter of Duke Vincenzo I of Mantua and Eleanore de Medici of Tuscany, at Innsbruck. [59] He started negotiations with William V of Bavaria about the formation of an alliance of the Catholic princes, but his uncle wanted to establish it without the Habsburgs' participation. Matthias II died on 20 March 1619. [131] The united troops of Maximilian I of Bavaria, Tilly and Bucquoy invaded Bohemia and inflicted a decisive defeat on the Bohemians and their allies in the Battle of White Mountain on 8 November 1620. [45] In 1600, he sent an envoy to the Uskoks, whom the Uskoks murdered. [54] The resulting agreement was included in the Treaty of Vienna, which granted religious freedom to Hungarian Protestants and prescribed the election of a palatine (or royal deputy) in Hungary on 23 June 1606. Ferdinand was installed as the actual ruler of the Inner Austrian provinces in 1596 and 1597. [107], Emperor Matthias died on 20 March 1619. The different interpretation of the Letter of Majesty, which summarized the Bohemian Protestants' liberties, gave rise to an uprising, known as the Second Defenestration of Prague on 23 May 1618. [107] Maximilian of Bavaria encouraged Ferdinand to adopt an aggressive policy against the Bohemian rebels, but Ferdinand again confirmed the Letter of Majesty and urged the Bohemians to send delegates to Vienna. [33] Due to his firm actions, no riots broke out when the leaders of the Protestant community left Graz on 29 September. [116][117] After learning of Bethlen's success, Frederick V accepted the Bohemian crown on 28 September. Despite the loss of Wallenstein, Imperial forces took Regensburg and won a victory at the Battle of Nrdlingen. Die Offiziere Gallas, inzwischen Generalleutnant, Piccolomini und Aldringen wurden mit der Exekution oder Gefangennahme beauftragt, unternahmen jedoch einige Wochen lang nichts Konkretes, auer dass sie ihre Informationen an die ihnen zuverlssig erscheinenden Truppenkommandanten weitergaben (wesentlicher Grund fr das lange Zgern war vermutlich, dass Wallensteins Anhngerschaft bei seinen Soldaten noch zu gro war). , (16051619). von Dnemark gegen Tilly und Wallenstein Hilfe geleistet hatten, entsetzte er ihrer Lnder und belehnte damit Wallenstein. 3. Yet in the face of the shifting fortunes of war, he showed much steadfastness, although he often lacked political agility. [107] Mansfeld and his mercenaries captured Plze, which was an important center of the Bohemian Catholics, and the rebels made raids into Lower Austria. These pieces of furniture have been reassembled from fragments, some of which may come from the imperial villa of Lucius Verus (co-emperor, A.D. 161-169), on the Via Cassia outside Rome. Barnabitenkolleg, Wien 1756. [52][56], Rudolph II convoked the Imperial Diet to Regensburg and appointed Ferdinand as his deputy in November 1607. [104] Instead of obeying his orders, the rebels concluded an alliance with the Estates of Silesia, Upper and Lower Lusatia, and Upper Austria. [34], Ferdinand forbade the Estates of Styria, Carinthia and Carniola to hold a joint assembly. [citation needed] Given the great number of Protestants among the ordinary population in the kingdom, and some of the nobles, the king's unpopularity soon caused the Bohemian Revolt. In November came the great Battle of Ltzen, at which the Catholics were defeated, but Gustavus Adolphus was killed. [citation needed], Ferdinand died in 1637, leaving to his son Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, an empire still engulfed in a war and whose fortunes seemed to be increasingly chaotic. Eine Epoche in Lebensbildern. * Maria Anna (1610-1665), Kurfrstin von Bayern 1635 Kurfrst Maximilian I., Sohn Herzog Wilhelm V. von Bayern und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Renate von Lothringen * Ccilia Renata (1611-1644), Knigin von Polen 1637 Knig Wadysaw IV. [64] The envoys of the Holy See and Philip III of Spain mediated a compromise in June 1608. [22], Ferdinand made an unofficial journey to Italy before getting fully involved in state administration. [127] Before long, Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, who was the commander of the army of the Catholic League, occupied Upper Austria, Bucquoy defeated the last rebels in Lower Austria and John George of Saxony invaded Lusatia. Ferdinand was elected Holy Roman Emperor on 28 August 1619 (Frankfurt), two days before the Protestant Bohemian Estates deposed Ferdinand (as king of Bohemia). [citation needed], A period of minor operations followed. o 1.1 Kindheit und Jugend o 1.2 Aufstieg zum Kaiser o 1.3 Ferdinand II. Prince-Infante in Spain, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Margrave of Moravia, Duke of war von kleiner, gedrungener Gestalt, heiter und freundlich gegen seine Umgebung; seine Gutmtigkeit artete oft in Schwche aus, namentlich gegenber gewissenlosen Beamten. [45] Ottoman raids against the borderlands continued and the expenses of the defence of Croatia, Slavonia and southwestern Hungary were almost exclusively financed from Inner Austria. [83] The Catholic Bohemian nobleman, Albrecht von Wallenstein, recruited 260 soldiers at his own expense. [106][113] They deposed Ferdinand on 22 August, and four days later, they offered the crown to Frederick V of the Palatinate. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). August in Frankfurt zum Kaiser gewhlt. Additionally, Ferdinand was an absolutist and infringed upon what nobles regarded as secular rights. [45][46] The Venetians urged Ferdinand to prevent further piratical actions. Ferdinand succeeded Matthias as Holy Roman Emperor in 1619. [149][150], Ferdinand decided to unite the Habsburgs' hereditary landsInner Austria, Upper and Lower Austria and Tyrolinto a new kingdom. 178. Ferdinand II, by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King in Germany, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Cumania, Bulgaria, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Margrave of Moravia, Duke of Luxemburg, of the Higher and Lower Silesia, of Wrttemberg and Teck, Prince of Swabia, Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Kyburg and Goritia, Marquess of the Holy Roman Empire, Burgovia, the Higher and Lower Lusace, Lord of the Marquisate of Slavonia, of Port Naon and Salines, etc. [140] Liechtenstein, Eggenberg, Wallenstein and other noblemen established a consortium that also included the Jewish banker, Jacob Bassevi, and Wallenstein's financial manager, Hans de Witte. Ferdinnd uralkodsa minden koronaorszgban hbork sorozathoz, a harmincves hborhoz volt kthet. Tz vnyi tanuls utn, 18 vesen kapta els kormnyzi feladatt s cmt. In 1617, Ferdinand was elected King of Bohemia by the Bohemian Diet. [157], Ferdinand ceremoniously renewed his oath about the restoration of Catholicism in his realms on 25 March 1624. Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 - 15 February 1637) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1619 until his death in 1637.He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. [89] After some negotiations, all delegates but two noblemen and two burghers agreed to "accept" Ferdinand as king on 6 June. [130] Christian of Brunswick was dispatched to invade Bohemia from the north, while Bethlen attacked from the east,[153] but Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly routed Brunswick in the Battle of Stadtlohn on 23 August 1623. Despite Wallenstein's fall, the imperial forces recaptured Regensburg and were victorious in the Battle of Nrdlingen (1634). He also secured support from the Spanish Habsburgs for his claim to succeed the childless Emperor Matthias on the throne, granting them future rule over Alsace and Imperial fiefs in Italy. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II - 1619-1637 Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 - 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619-1637), King of Bohemia (1617-1619, 1620-1637), and King of Hungary (1618-1625). [21] He avoided discussion of religious affairs with the Estates, taking advantage of their fear of an Ottoman invasion and the peasant uprisings in Upper Austria. Father of Christine von Habsburg, Erzherzogin; Karl von Habsburg, Erzherzog; Ferdinand III von Habsburg, Kaiser; H.I. [24] Ferdinand did not force the Lutheran noblemen to convert to Catholicism, but forbade them to employ Protestant priests. [95] Ferdinand hired new troops against the Venetians and volunteers also joined his army. , . Quickly raising at least 30,000 men (he would later command at least 100,000), and fighting alongside the Catholic League army under the Count of Tilly, Wallenstein defeated Protestant forces in Silesia, Anhalt, and Denmark. [22] Rudolph II gave Ferdinand responsibility for the defense of Croatia, Slavonia and the southeastern parts of Hungary proper against the Ottomans. [75], Matthias was elected Holy Roman Emperor only months after Rudolph II died on 20 June 1612. [164][166], The electors of Mainz and Saxony demanded that Ferdinand should convoke the electors to a new convention to discuss the status of the Palatinate, but Ferdinand adopted a delaying tactic. [68] Ferdinand also tried to strengthen his relationship with his Bavarian relatives, because Matthias's rebellion against Rudolph II and his concessions to the Protestants had shocked Ferdinand. Ferdinand II, (born July 9, 1578, Graz, Styria [now in Austria]died February 15, 1637, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (1619-37), archduke of Austria, king of Bohemia (1617-19, 1620-27), and king of Hungary (1618-25). [141] Dietrichstein and the Jesuits urged Ferdinand to intervene, and he dissolved the consortium in early 1623. Some historians directly blame Ferdinand for the large civilian loss of life in the Sack of Magdeburg in 1631: he had instructed Tilly to enforce the edict of Restitution upon the Electorate of Saxony, his orders causing the Belgian general to move the Catholic armies east, ultimately to Leipzig, where they suffered their first substantial defeat at the hands of Adolphus' Swedes in the First Battle of Breitenfeld (1631). After annihilating the rebel army in 1620, he greatly reduced the Diets power. war Sohn des Erzherzogs Karl II. Ferdinand II Elected Holy Roman Emperor. Philip III of Spain, who was the childless Matthias' nephew, acknowledged Ferdinand's right to succeed Matthias in Bohemia and Hungary in exchange for territorial concessions in 1617. In 1635 Ferdinand signed his last important act, the Peace of Prague (1635), yet this did not end the war. [129] The Diet of Hungary dethroned Ferdinand and elected Bethlen king on 23 August. August 1619 dem reformierten Kurfrsten der Pfalz Friedrich V. verliehen. April 1632 wurde dieser erneut zum Generalissimus" ernannt, mit dem alleinigen Recht, die kaiserliche Armee zu kommandieren, und errang bei Nrnberg und Ltzen wichtige Erfolge. [156] A year later, he prescribed that all inhabitants were to convert to Catholicism in Upper Austria by the following Easter, allowing only noblemen and burghers to choose to leave the province. The campaigning of 1633 was indecisive, partly because Wallenstein was negotiating with the enemy, thinking that the army would be loyal to him, rather than Ferdinand, and follow him if he switched sides. Band 18, Herzberg 2001, ISBN 3-88309-086-7, Sp. [118] Maximilian became the head of a renewed Catholic League and Ferdinand promised to compensate him for the costs of the war. Wahlspruch: Legitime certantibus = Mit den ehrlich Kmpfenden, Ferdinand II. Husband of Maria Anna of Bavaria Archduchess of Inner Austria and Princess Eleonor Gonzaga of Mantua The French were highly dissatisfied with the terms of the Peace of Prague concluded in 1635, the last important act of Ferdinand. Ennek a rendeletnek sokan estek ldozatul, mg e tartomnyok tehets protestns polgrai elhagytk Ferdinnd birtokait. Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague, on 8 November 1620. [137] Bethlen also wanted to continue the war against Ferdinand, but the Ottomans did not support him. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. III. Februar 1637 in Wien. Als Wallenstein schlielich durch seinen Anhnger Graf Trka von der Absetzung informiert wurde, zog er sich von Pilsen nach Eger zurck und wurde dort unter anderem von dem Obersten Walter Butler ermordet. [148] Ferdinand had to yield, but assured Maximilian that he had not abandoned their original plan. Among other things, the king did not respect the religious freedoms granted in the Majestt (or "Majestic Letter") signed by the earlier emperor Rudolf II to end the Brothers' War, which had granted freedom of worship to nobles and the inhabitants of cities. Geni requires JavaScript! Nach dem Tod seines Vaters (1590) bergab seine streng katholische Mutter die Erziehung des Knaben den Jesuiten in Ingolstadt, die ihm einen unvershnlichen Hass gegen den Protestantismus einflten, so dass er zu Loreto vor dem Altar der Mutter Gottes freiwillig das feierliche Gelbde ablegte, den Katholizismus um jeden Preis wieder zur allein herrschenden Religion in seinen Staaten zu machen. He avoided committing himself in a quarrel between his cousins, the Holy Roman emperor Rudolf II and his brother Matthias, who eventually succeeded Rudolf as emperor. Nach Matthias' Tod am 20. Eventually, for reasons of state, Ferdinand reluctantly gave his consent to a second dismissal and the assassination of Wallenstein, who had treacherously entered into negotiations with the enemy (1634). Until then the war largely had been confined to Germany, but Swedish and, later on, French intervention turned it into a European conflict. Ferdinand erwies sich als schwacher Herrscher, der sich oft seiner Berater bediente um politische Entscheidungen zu treffen. [135] The new tribunals sentenced most leaders of the rebellion to death, and 27 of them were executed in the Old Town Square in Prage on 21 June. His solution was to charge the Bohemian soldier and "military entrepreneur" Albrecht von Wallenstein with raising and commanding an Imperial army. [84] Philip's new envoy at Vienna, igo Vlez de Guevara, 7th Count of Oate, and Ferdinand signed a secret treaty on 29 July 1617. 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