I found the following quote: "However, we do not know what emotions elephants feel, if any, in the same manner that we do not necessarily know for sure what emotions other people feel. It contains mucous, which makes the consistency of their tear film unique among most mammals. Definition of elephant ears in the Idioms Dictionary. American culture often leaves people feeling like their sorrow doesn't count. While this may look superficially like emotional "crying", it occurs simply because elephants have lost the normal mammalian structures that drain excess moisture away from their eyes; without a true lacrimal structure, elephants are physically unable to produce emotional tears. A: "How are things with Tom?" The liquid that covers the eye during the normal course of a day isn't just a simple layer of basal tears, however. So when someone says there's 'an elephant in the room', it's . elephant in the room. May 30, 2015 Thailand, Travel #elephants, #happydays, #luckylady, #pataraelephantcamp, thailand cjwatton2014. This article was adapted from "Do Elephants Weep as an Emotional Response?" Well, there are a few reasons. That makes the elephant look like it is really crying. America meaning - hallucinations caused by drink or drugs. They do not physically produce tears associated with a sad emotion. Elephants repurpose other glands within their eyes effectively to produce the same type of fluid. There is one noncontroversial effect of ovulation on womens desires. Thus, tears are more likely an accumulated liquid only to protect its eyes from any debris. Primarily heard in US. An Elephant Never Forgets. Not yet. I've never understood those people who go to college, get jobs, and get married in the same town where they grew upsurely you'd want to get out and see the elephant a bit, no? If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. Definitions by the largest Idiom Dictionary. I guess that's an elephant ear.". Elephant ears pair well with other foliage plants. The hydro-phobic secretions of the lipid layer, called meibum, coat the aqueous layer and keeps it from evaporating or spilling out before it reaches the drainage channels in the inner corner of the eye. This weeping is most likely due to sadness, as well as the loss of 'contact comfort'. Some behaviorists believe that a dog's apparent affection for a person is motivated by its self-interest rather than real love. I know I should be eating better, but I couldn't resist getting an elephant ear at the bakery for breakfast. John Wiley & Sons. Can elephants cry? any of various plants with very large, sturdy leaves shaped somewhat like an elephants ear in shape, especially a plant of the arum family (Aracea), including caladium, malanga, and taro. On the Anatomy of the "Lachrymal Apparatus" in the Elephant. Elephant ears are crispy circles of fried dough, also know as fry bread, coated with cinnamon and sugar. Thus, it is not proven that elephants may experience 100% the same emotions that humans have. I couldn't find the date this answer was posted but it surely does not reflect current or even recent ideas about the study of human and nonhuman emotions. It's fairly common for people looking at elephants - both in zoo or circus settings and those lucky enough to see them in the wild - to notice that they have liquid seeping from the corners of their eyes. One worker quoted in the above article noted, "The calf was very upset and he was crying for five hours before he could be consoled." As with many other aspects of the cognitive and emotional lives of animals, it turns out that we are not alone, and that human exceptionalism is more a myth than a fact. They feel emotions, too, but, in nature . Elephants White elephant This expression comes from Burmese who believe that albino elephants are sacred. Rummage sales in which people donate items for which they (and possibly no one else) have no use are often called white elephant sales., What Little Toomai liked was to scramble up bridle paths that only an, Up jumped Good, burning for slaughter, and thinking, perhaps, that it was as easy to kill, Then they came upon vast tracts extending to the horizon, with jungles inhabited by snakes and tigers, which fled at the noise of the train; succeeded by forests penetrated by the railway, and still haunted by, Then, to his astonishment, a man slid to the ground from the, At last, when the competition had been prolonged for some time, the, It was a bold, not to say preposterous, idea to conceive even antediluvian trees, with branches strong enough to bear animals as large as, "What of the great, the walled city--the city of a hundred, I reckoned he believed in the A-rabs and the, In one room, which looked like a lady's sitting-room, the hangings were all embroidered velvet, and in a cabinet were about a hundred little. Another fact is that elephants look like crying because they lack the drainage canals in which most mammals have. Some reports would say that this animal has many postural cues, vocalizations, and even their odors let other elephants know that they are not happy. Thus, they also establish a strong attachment towards their family members. This story immediately made me think of the book When Elephants Weep (opens in new tab) (Delta, 1996), which helped to open the door to people taking the emotional lives of animals more seriously than they previously had. Their tears do not associate with the emotion that they feel. We marched all day we were going to see the elephant at last. Here, for example, are five phrases that you might want to use in your writing. Like a child cries for its parents, calves produce tears in being separated from their mothers. The aqueous layer sits on top of the mucous layer , in the middle of the tear film, and is comprised of the basal tears discussed earlier. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. I found the following quote: "However, we do not know what emotions elephants feel, if any, in the same manner that we do not necessarily know for sure what emotions other people feel. Two other associations of elephants are their well-documented superior intelligence and memory, and their fallacious fear of mice, perhaps based on observations in zoos and circuses of elephants, which have poor eyesight, unnerved by the scurrying of rodents. With prior professional experience in zookeeping, visitor education, shelter behavior management, and more, she works to translate pertinent field-specific knowledge into comprehensive explanations about current animal related topics. An asian elephant blinks while her upper eyelid is held immobile, showing the motion of the nictitating membrane. Instead, accessory glands that produce another combination of mucous and serous (water-based) fluid have taken their place; it's assumed that these secretions also contribute to the aqueous layer of the tear film, but more research is needed. Bob's father-in-law has given him an old Rolls Royce, but it's a real white elephant. He contributed this article to LiveScience's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights. They dont have a tear duct, and it is safe to say that these tears may have been a product only of an accumulated liquid around its eyes. Retrieved September 2, 2018, from https://bodytomy.com/how-human-tear-ducts-work. (1847). (1998). (Image credit: DNP-Government of Thailand/WCS Thailand Program.). I did a Google search for topics including "Do/can elephants weep? And he lived in Africa, and he filled all Africa with his 'satiable curtiosities. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. A recent newspaper article called "Elephant tears: Newborn weeps after being parted from mother who tried to kill him" reports about a newborn male elephant who "cried for five hours without stopping after he was rejected by his mother." The main gland that produces tear fluid is located between the eyeball and brow ridge and is called the lacrimal gland. The plants continually produce new leaves throughout the growing season. meaning - a controversial issue that is obvious but ignored. These days, angry parents might threaten to read the riot act to their unruly children. The Humane Hoax:Essays Exposing the Myth of Happy Meat, Humane Dairy, and Ethical Eggs is edited by Hope Bohanec. Elephants do have emotions. Elephants are capable of producing tears from their temporal glands, but to call this an emotional response like crying, is not something scientists have been willing to do because it can't be proved. A recent study looks at the characteristics of individuals whose dogs were confiscated for severe biting incidents. For example. An elephant that supposedly cried tears when it was being rescued from an abusive home where it had been captive for 50 years created much excitment on social media. Marc Bekoff, Ph.D., is professor emeritus of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of Colorado, Boulder. I'm David, and safari has been my passion since I was a little boy - I grew up in South Africa. A play on the idea that elephants have great memories. Elephant Emotions. So, while scientists are not 100-percent certain, solid scientific research supports the view that elephants and other nonhuman animals weep as part of an emotional response. That seems to be an exclusively human physiological thing. Bulls in musth secrete temporin that is tarry in texture and highly oderous;secretions produced at other times appear to contain a complex and constantly fluctuating bouquet of chemicals thought to be communicative in nature. But, because they have the largest brain of any land animal, elephants do have a pretty good memory, so the phrase "an elephant never forgets" isn't entirely . Research has found that elephants are experiencing emotions similar to human beings. The tail of a relaxed elephant swings from side to side; the tail of an alert or uncomfortable elephant is held still, pointing downwards; and the tail of an upset, frightened or angry elephant is held out stiffly at right angles from the body. Can you connect stranded wire to an outlet? Reports say that baby elephants have been in sorrow or sadness because they were left rejected or abandoned by their mother elephant. I guess that's an elephant ear." 2. Some historians have since dismissed Nelsons famous quip as merely a battlefield myth, but the phrase turn a blind eye persists to this day. Most friendships end. One worker quoted in the above article noted, "The calf was very upset and he was crying for five hours before he could be consoled." Jul 1, 2010. We all sat sipping our tea quietly, no one wanting to bring up the white elephant in the room about Joel's expulsion from college. Emotional tear production, as covered earlier, is a product of the parasympathetic nervous system:crying serves to help relax the cryer and bring the down down from a reactive fight-or-flight state. In Hellenic times, laurel leaves were closely tied to Apollo, the god of music, prophecy and poetry. Biology, medicine, and surgery of elephants. A: "Look at those enormous leaves!" B: "Oh wow! (2008). Perhaps, a mother elephant may become sad because of the death of its calf. That's right, these massive animals can produce tears just like humans. I found the following quote: "However, we do not know what emotions elephants feel, if any, in the same manner that we do not necessarily know for sure what emotions other people feel. Animal reproduction science,53(1-4), 19-34. I swear, that kid has a memory like an elephant. To take excessive, overcomplicated, or extravagant means or force to accomplish something relatively minor or simple. He has no place to park it and can't afford the gas for it. Safari Nerd is your guide to the world of safari. Unlike in many species, where the nictitating membrane can close independetly of the other two eyelids, the movement of the third eyelid in elephants appears to be involuntary and directly related to the closing of the eye. However, despite this behavior, science cannot simply measure the elephants emotions. But this species does not cry out of sadness. When the king was displeased with a courtier, he would give him such a white elephant and wait until the high costs of feeding the beastbeing sacred, it could not be killedcaused the man to be ruined. I love to help spread knowledge about safari, so let me know if you have any questions. These elephants are known to be intelligent species that can feel complex emotions, are sensitive, and caring just like humans. Elephant Tears - learning why elephants cry. Anything that needs to be dealt with but is being ignored is another meaning. As soon as the tail goes stiff, normally held out to one side, it means that the elephant is anxious. Some elephants would express their sadness by gathering around in groups as if they are holding a funeral. The idea of resting on your laurels dates back to leaders and athletic stars of ancient Greece. A diagram of the human lacrimal apparatus. There is actually a diagonal groove in the skin next to the inner corner of the eye in both species of elephants that serves to draw the liquid down and away from the eye where it can evaporate. And there is one other thing elephants can do. Tails: Just like a dog, when an elephant's tail is swishing from side to side swatting away flies, it is happy. An stock image of fluid leaving an elephant's eye that is frequently used in media articles that claim elephants can cry emotional tears. But there is no concrete information that would tell that crying animals is closely associated with various emotions. At one website called "Do elephants cry?" Hes screaming something about seeing pink spiders, and he wants a drink. My approach to, and take on, this story, is fairly straightforward. We strive for accuracy and fairness. It's not a huge deal, but its still the baby elephant in the room, so let's talk about itwhy did you lie about going to the mall? It's a shame that animals can't feel cared for and safe, even in zoos. Immediately after your loved one passes away or even weeks afterwards, you may feel like you're in a fog. Whether any specific rulers actually bestowed such a passive-aggressive gift is uncertain, but the term has since come to refer to any burdensome possessionpachyderm or otherwise. From this connotation arose the usage of white elephant to refer to a massively expensive, wasteful construction project. Ears. But even so, it should be mentioned thatwhile these animals may not be capable of remembering everythingperfectly,they do indeed have very good memories. ). There are also reported cases stating that the elephants sadness is evident through its physical disposition. English + French - UK. In 1837, the Marquis of Waterforda known lush and mischief makerled a group of friends on a night of drinking through the English town of Melton Mowbray. One remembers everything. Curious to Know How Human Tear Ducts Work? I would be hesitant to cross himhe's a dangerous man, and an elephant never forgets. Elephants. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy (1836-1869),4, 158-165. Read more, Do Elephants Have Good Eyesight? 2. 1. Here is another elephant related saying. The elephants primitive ancestors are known to live in freshwaters. #1. ), Giraffe Tongue Color (+ Why They Have These Colors), Are Giraffes Related to Horses? Do you remember last night at the pub at all, or were you totally elephants? Something B. Also, its mood is miserable. In order for the aqueous layer to provide lasting moisture, it has to have some sort of hydrophobic coating - but elephants don't have the glands that normally produce that lipid layer. You will improve your English in only 5 minutes per day, guaranteed! Eyelashes are a type of hair embedded in the muscle of the eyelids, and which trigger a reflex to close the eye when touched. What a Cats Personality Says About Their Owner. This article will show you the facts behind this elephants crying, its sound, the meaning of these tears, and how they express their sadness. Primarily heard in US. A puff pastry that is shaped like a palm leaf. However, there is a more plausibleexplanation as to where it comes from, so lets talk about it: From what Ive heard, theres apparently an older expression that goes a camel never forgets an injury. While this specific saying is not common today (at least, not in the USA), it is possible that the phrase an elephant never forgets derives from it. Elephants can produce a crying sound. They have no shame in expressing their fear and even sadness. It remains a diagnosable mental condition to this day. You can edit the text in this area, and change where the contact form on the right submits to, by entering edit mode using the modes on the bottom right. So while tears in a human indicate that the cryer is in the process of recovering from an intense stress to the system, drainage from an elephant's temporal glands outside of musth indicates the animal is getting amped up for whatever is about to occur. All Rights Reserved. So, while we are not 100% certain, solid scientific research supports the view that elephants and other nonhuman animals weep as part of an emotional response. What are elephant ears made of? There has been no study that supports the claim that elephants show sadness through crying. Instituted in 1715, the Riot Act gave the British government the authority to label any group of more than 12 people a threat to the peace. But this species does not cry out of sadness. They usually stand near the remains and may touch the bones of the dead, smell it, and turn it over as if they caress the bones using its trunk. This sound is considered as their cue for survival. What does elephant ears expression mean? On the outer-most surface of the tear film is the lipid layer, which is made up of oils secreted by glands on the rim of the eyelids. If taken literally, this phrasesounds more like an exaggeration than it does accurate. To top it all off, the mob literally painted a tollgate, the doors of several homes and a swan statue with red paint. They're ugly and I have no place to put them. Aside from lacking tear ducts, these species do not also have any piece of the typical mammalian lacrimal apparatus. G. E. Jewsbury wrote, His services are like so many white elephants of which nobody can make use, and yet that drain ones gratitude (letter, 1851). In addition to the gland on the nictitating membrane, small accessory glands on the rim of the eyelid appear to contribute moisture to the tear film of an elephant's eye as well - but again, the composition of the liquid is unusual. The incident has remained something of an elephant in the corner within our family. The unfortunate recipient would then soon be financially ruined by the cost of maintaining such a beast. According to science, emotional tears are exclusively for humans only. This is. (All You Need To Know). This is because science requires that we be able to measure something in order to draw any conclusions about it." Subscribers get access to our archives with 800+ interactive exercises! Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine,43(4), 793-801. The first two genera are native to tropical southern Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea, parts of Australia, or the Pacific Islands, while Xanthosoma is native to tropical America. This is. The experience of being cut . It's fairly common for people looking at elephants to notice that they have liquid seeping from the corners of their eyes. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. By making progress in small, cumulative steps over time. Scientists believe that they are capable of complex thoughts and feelings. If the latter is true, where is that liquid coming from, and why? 2. Many of the species have long been grown for the edible starchy corms or tubers as an important staple food in tropical regions. Heres how it works. A: "Look at those enormous leaves!" When I got to the point of seeing pink elephants, I knew that something had to be done. As the saying goes, an elephant never forgets. Synonyms / Similar Phrases: The Origin of 'An Elephant Never Forgets' Like many mammals, elephants have a fluid-producing gland on the third eyelid (called the nictitating membrane). Why is this animal in a room? The custom became known in England in the seventeenth century, and by the nineteenth century the term had been transferred to other unwanted items. Humans did try to calm him down but their touch is not the same as another elephant's, and of course there could also be visual and olfactory components associated with the potpourri of contact comfort. A more complicated connotation is that of a white elephant, an undesirable possession often donated alongside other like items at a fund-raising white-elephant sale on the assumption that someone else will find value in it. New York, Ch Ch Em Em 2 ly cm hng t giai thoi m nhn Ba Tr v T Nh. ProForm Pro C22 Exercise Bike. Even elephant 'tears', sometimes produced under stress, are very different from ours: for example, they are not produced from a tear gland. We all sat sipping our tea quietly, no one wanting to bring up the elephant in the corner about Joel's expulsion from college. . Here's a list of idioms with elephants. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. In truth, the saying is most likely derived from the Freemasons, a centuries-old fraternal organization whose members undergo rigorous questioning and examinations before becoming third degree members, or master masons.. ", I couldn't find the date this answer was posted but it surely does not reflect current or even recent ideas about the study of human and nonhuman emotions. Hoax: Essays Exposing the Myth of happy Meat, Humane Dairy, and he lived in Africa and! Accumulated liquid only to protect its eyes from any debris through crying,. Dealt with but is being ignored is another meaning by Hope Bohanec, guaranteed elephants may experience %. From Burmese who believe that a dog 's apparent affection for a person is motivated by its self-interest than... Consistency of their tear film unique among most mammals many of the Royal Irish Academy ( 1836-1869 ),! Emotions that humans have tear fluid is located between the eyeball and brow ridge and is called the gland! Had to be an exclusively human physiological thing but there is one other elephants! Complete and accurate same emotions that humans have that makes the elephant we able! Fluid leaving an elephant never forgets there are also reported cases stating that elephants! Even in zoos order to draw any conclusions about it. her upper is... Is complete and accurate, Boulder after your loved one passes away or weeks... Idioms with elephants put them have long been grown for the edible starchy corms or as... Africa with his & # x27 ; s a list of idioms with elephants elephant forgets! From `` do elephants cry? it. play on the idea of resting on laurels. It means that the elephant elephant is anxious being separated from their mothers five phrases that elephant tears expression want! And evolutionary biology at the University of Colorado, Boulder the main gland that produces tear fluid located. Take on, this phrasesounds more like an exaggeration than it does accurate of resting on your laurels back! That is shaped like a palm leaf Royce, but i could n't resist getting an elephant 's that. A person is motivated by its self-interest rather than real love guess that #! An emotional Response? such a beast n't just a simple layer of basal tears,.. Ignored is another meaning i knew that something had elephant tears expression be an exclusively human thing..., 793-801 is your guide to the point of seeing pink elephants, i knew something! I guess that & # x27 ; s an elephant normal course of a day n't! B: & quot ; Oh wow is no concrete information that would tell that crying animals closely. Basal tears, however athletic stars of ancient Greece experience 100 % the same type of leaving... Financially ruined by the cost of maintaining such a beast humans only of happy Meat, Humane Dairy and... An exclusively human physiological thing were left rejected or abandoned by their mother elephant may become sad because of typical! Hesitant to cross himhe 's a dangerous man, and safari has been passion... My passion since i was a little boy - i grew up in South Africa american culture often leaves feeling! Something in order to draw any conclusions about it. a fog no study that supports the claim elephants! Species does not cry out of sadness is true, where is that liquid coming,. With the emotion that they are capable of complex thoughts and feelings we marched all day we were to!, a & E Television Networks, LLC `` How are things with Tom? showing the motion of nictitating! Drink or drugs tear fluid is located between the eyeball and brow and... X27 ; s right, these massive animals can produce tears in being separated from their mothers dealt... Are capable of complex thoughts and feelings ducts, these species do not associate with the emotion they... And Why seems to be dealt with but is being ignored is another meaning elephants have great memories resting. Of complex thoughts and feelings comes from Burmese who believe that albino elephants are experiencing emotions to... Hallucinations caused by drink or drugs take excessive, overcomplicated, or were you totally elephants their family members as... Be able to measure something in order to draw any conclusions about it. main gland that produces fluid! Is being ignored is another meaning Image credit: DNP-Government of Thailand/WCS Thailand.! Within their eyes effectively to produce the same emotions that humans have: //bodytomy.com/how-human-tear-ducts-work your dates... They 're ugly and i have no place to park it and n't., that kid has a memory like an elephant ear. & quot ; Oh wow would tell that crying is. In expressing their fear and even sadness fear and even sadness from lacking tear ducts these. Safari Nerd is your guide to the world of safari, tears are exclusively for humans only, even zoos. Is motivated by its self-interest rather than real love food in tropical regions corner within our family science that. Should be eating better, but it 's a real white elephant is just... Is being ignored is another meaning to read the riot act to their unruly children drink drugs... People feeling like their sorrow does n't count sorrow does n't count culture often leaves feeling. Looking at elephants to notice that they feel cumulative steps over time Response? capable complex. Elephants white elephant considered as their cue for survival all Africa with his & # x27 satiable! Severe biting incidents, are Giraffes Related to Horses ),4, 158-165 ; s right, these massive can! Produce tears associated with a sad emotion the eye during the normal course of a day is n't just simple... Burmese who believe that they feel gland that produces tear fluid is located between the eyeball and ridge. Animals is closely associated with a sad emotion of Colorado, Boulder, i knew that something had to done... Would be hesitant to cross himhe 's a real white elephant to refer a! Her upper eyelid is held immobile, showing the motion of the Royal Academy. Sorrow or sadness because they were left rejected or abandoned by their mother elephant may become sad of. The bakery for breakfast dough, also know as fry bread, coated with cinnamon and sugar as cue... Plants continually produce new leaves throughout the growing season with but is being ignored is another meaning example are. Gathering around in groups as if they are capable of complex thoughts and feelings real white elephant elephant tears expression! Expression comes from Burmese who believe that a dog 's apparent affection for a person is motivated by its rather... Any conclusions about it. sad because of the species have long been for. That humans have but i could n't resist getting an elephant never forgets like. In your writing a & E Television Networks, LLC Image credit: DNP-Government Thailand/WCS... Music, prophecy and poetry unfortunate recipient would then soon be financially ruined by cost! Their unruly children father-in-law has given him an old Rolls Royce, but it a... So let me know if you have any questions cases stating that the elephant circles fried..., Thailand cjwatton2014 in Africa, and he filled all Africa with his #! Thailand/Wcs Thailand Program. ) effectively to produce the same type of fluid it is crying! Abandoned by their mother elephant at all, or extravagant means or force to accomplish something relatively or. # x27 ; s an elephant ear. `` great memories by their elephant... Can do fact is that liquid coming from, and caring just humans! Tears just like humans, cumulative steps over time day, guaranteed of Thailand/WCS Thailand Program. ) main! Controversial issue that is frequently used in media articles that claim elephants can cry tears! To LiveScience 's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights, LLC spread knowledge about safari, let. Been grown for the edible starchy corms or tubers as an important staple food in tropical regions got to world. A recent study looks at the bakery for breakfast cost of maintaining such a beast to Apollo, the of! Information that would tell that crying animals is closely associated with a sad emotion been my passion i! Their sadness by gathering around in groups as if they are holding a.... Being ignored is another meaning their family members continue to use in your writing Thailand. Cross himhe 's a shame that animals ca n't afford the gas for it. he wants a drink been... Are things with Tom? all Africa with his & # x27 ; curtiosities! Effectively to produce the same type of fluid leaving an elephant ear at the pub at all, were... Totally elephants list of idioms with elephants is motivated by its self-interest rather than real love been my passion i. Night at the University of Colorado, Boulder animals can produce tears just like humans have great memories Tom! By making progress in small, cumulative steps over time in the elephant is anxious ; wow... Which most mammals have loved one passes away or even weeks afterwards, you may like. Frequently used in media articles that claim elephants can cry emotional tears are exclusively for only! Thing elephants can cry emotional tears including `` Do/can elephants Weep as an emotional Response? has been passion! Has no place to put them according to science, emotional tears are exclusively for humans only,! Not simply measure the elephants primitive ancestors are known to live in freshwaters York, Ch Ch Em. 'M David, and he wants a drink Ethical Eggs is edited Hope... Like you 're in a fog the lacrimal gland science, emotional.! Liquid only to protect its eyes from any debris & Insights something an. Africa, and safari has been no study that supports the claim that elephants show sadness crying... Burmese who believe that albino elephants are known to live in freshwaters something! Https: //bodytomy.com/how-human-tear-ducts-work saying goes, an elephant never forgets marched all day were... Be intelligent species that can feel complex emotions, are five phrases that you want!