Her round face, wide blue eyes, and short, stout body gave her a cherubic rather than sultry look. Doris Humphrey The audience saw not a woman, but a giant violet, a butterfly, a slithering snake, and a white ocean wave. Around 1908, she formed a school and a company of 30 women, and in 190910 she took the company on a triumphant tour of the United States. Fuller helped Duncan ignite her European career in 1902 by sponsoring independent concerts in Vienna and Budapest. [27] Shela Xoregos choreographed a tribute, La Loe, a solo which shows several of Fuller's special effects. ." Over the years, however, she grew increasingly obese and moved about with more and more difficulty, until the woman who had been described as "music of the eyes" by Anatole France, died penniless in Paris, of pneumonia, on January 1, 1928. de Morinni, Clare. The peak of her success may have been the International Exposition held in Paris in 1900. . The lecturers gave Fuller valuable lessons on how to capture and hold an audience's attention by forcing her to dramatize, and make visually interesting, a repetitive, moralizing tract. (The unknown dancer in the film is often mistakenly identified as Fuller herself; however, there is no actual film footage of Fuller dancing.). Dance choreographer, artistic director Britannica does not review the converted text. Alwin Nikolais, well-known for his work combining theater and dance in the 1960s, took off on Fuller's experimentation with gel slides, lighting plans, and sound. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Loie Fuller died on January 1, 1928, in Paris, France. Where and when did Loie Fuller die? The theater of the future that Fuller dreamed of, calling it "The Temple of Light," was eventually created by Nikolais and others. It may come as a surprise that a treasure-trove of archival material related to this interdisciplinary performer and innovator is housed in rural southern Washington, at the Maryhill Museum of Art, in an isolated mansion situated miles from any major city. Among these spectacles was Loe Fuller, an American dancer from Illinois and the only female entertainer to have her own pavilion. Loie Fuller passed away at the start of 1928, shortly before turning 66. And then there is the work itself. The cast of Fire Dance - 1901 includes: Loie Fuller What is. Fuller's career overshadowed her personal life. . But she was a master of illusion, costuming, and technologyall of which she harnessed into an unprecedented kind of visual feast that eclipsed her unglamorous offstage persona in favor of something utterly new. Fifteen Years of a Dancer's Life. [9] At that time dance was only protected if it qualified as "dramatic" and Fuller's dance was too abstract for this qualification. Her debut took place when she was four years. Although the Folies Bergre typically attracted working class patrons, in 1893, a journalist for LEcho de Paris wrote: One now sees black dress coatscarriages decorated with coats of arms; the aristocracy is lining up to applaud Loe Fuller., During those early years in Paris, Toulouse-Lautrec produced a series of about 60 lithographs inspired by Fullers performance at the Folies Bergre. She was what we would call today a crossover artist, poised between the music hall and the concert or recital stage and devoting her life to bringing increased respect and status to dance as an art in itself.15 She succeeded, to a large extent, in bridging both social and artistic chasms. Maryhills collection and the research and publications it supports all draw attention to Fullers innovative ideas and contributions to stage lighting techniques, set design, and costumes. Julia L. Foulkes , former Rockefeller Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at the Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College, Chicago, Illinois, and author of numerous articles. The largest Vermeer exhibition ever staged just opened at the Rijk in Amersterdam. Women bought Loie skirts and scarves; men sported Loie ties. I n 1892, Loie Fuller (ne Mary-Louise Fuller, in Illinois) packed her theater costumes into a trunk and, with her elderly mother in tow, left the United States and a mid-level vaudeville career to try her luck in Paris. in the clientele of the Folies Bergre. In her autobiography, Fuller described her relationship with Bloch: "For eight years Gab and I have lived together on terms of the greatest intimacy, like two sisters. In the spirit of the English poet Alexander Pope, art, like hope, springs, Loe Fuller: Innovator on Stage from Paris to Pacific Northwest, The Art of Spring: 10 Paintings to Mark the Season, How Soviet Non-Conformist Art Challenged Creative Repression in the USSR, Met Museum Pushes Contemporary Art to the Forefront, Rijksmuseum Stages the Largest Vermeer Exhibition Ever, The Iconography of Zoroastrianism, the Oldest Monotheistic Religion, TEFAF Maastrict Dazzles with Old Masters, Gemstones, and Everything in Between, How Napoleon Used Jewelry to Secure His Empire, Public Arts Major Role on a University Campus, Neuroaesthetics: How Art is Scientifically Proven to Help Brain Health, SCAD Unveils Promenade de Sculptures in Provence, SCAD Museum of Art Celebrating 10th Anniversary, 6 Exquisite Items from Hermann Historica June 2021 Sales, Cubist Portrait of Picassos Daughter Could Fetch Over $15 Million, Phillips 20th Century Evening Auction Brings in Record-Breaking Sales, 2003 Unbearable: Y2K Fashion is More Problematic than You Remember, Recognizing Disney Costume Designer Alice Davis, 9 Indigenous Art Accounts to Follow on Instagram. Fuller held over a dozen patents related to her costumes and innovations in stage lighting, including the use of glass plates, large lantern projectors, and colored gelatins. . Rachel Ozerkevich holds a PhD in Art History from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. San Francisco What was Isadora Duncan's childhood like? Her work, therefore, drew upon and exaggerated a very deep aspect of performance: the magical, undecidable doubleness implied in any theatrical mimesis, what Diderot called the actor's paradox: One is oneself by nature; one is another by imitation; the heart you imagine for yourself is not the heart you have.10. She became one of the most well-known figures in Belle poque performance. Twitter: @rkgar. And at thirty, Fuller was nearly of retirement age for a music-hall dancer of that time. https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/fuller-loie-1862-1928, "Fuller, Loe (18621928) Advertisement She was an odd, badly dressed girl, recalled Eve Curie (daughter of Marie and Pierre).6 For heaven's sake, fix yourself up; you're a sight! chastised one journalist who interviewed her.7 But such remarks never bothered Fuller, who seemed to take curious pride in her own ungainliness. Jody Sperling choreographed Soko's dances for the movie, served as creative consultant and was Soko's dance coach, training her in Fuller technique. Eventually, she moved to New York City and found initial success with the Serpentine Dance, an act she developed from her role as a skirt dancer. In 1892, Loie Fuller (ne Mary-Louise Fuller, in Illinois) packed her theater costumes into a trunk and, with her elderly mother in tow, left the United States and a mid-level vaudeville career to try her luck in Paris. The book demonstrates that Fuller was not a mere entertainer or precursor, but an artist of great psychological, emotional, and sexual expressiveness whose work illuminates the centrality of dance to modernism. [9], One notorious imitator was Lord Yarmouth, later 7th Marquess of Hertford, who performed the Serpentine Dance in England and the colonies under the stage name of Mademoiselle Roze. Today, however, very little remains to recall Fullers memorywith the exception of the art that she inspired. Pronunciation: LO-ee. Correspondence, reviews, film clips, and photographs located in the Dance Collection, Performing Arts Library, New York Public Library. . Jules Cheret drew a famous poster of her, and Henri Toulouse-Lautrec made a lithograph; La Loe, as she became known, numbered among her admirers some of the most famous French artists and intellectuals of her day, including August Rodin, the Goncourt Brothers, Jean Lorrain, and Anatole France. They consisted mostly of Fuller and later, sometimes troupes of young dancers she gathered performing in much the same way she did on stage, with dissolving shapes and shifting shadows rendered even more effective through the magic of the camera. Born Catherine Candellon around 1852, Kate Vaughan made her debut as a dancer in 1870. After World War I she danced infrequently, but from her school in Paris she sent out touring dance companies to all parts of Europe. Her capacity to merge with the realm of the nonhuman or the supernatural attracted the most critical attention. Fuller also learned to utilize light and color for varying effects on the swirling material. Marie Louise Fuller was born on Jan. 15, 1862, in Fullersburg (now part of Hinsdale), Ill. Fuller made her stage debut in Chicago at the age of four, and over the next quarter century she toured with stock companies, burlesque shows, vaudeville, and Buffalo Bills Wild West Show; gave temperance lectures and Shakespearean readings; and appeared in a variety of plays in Chicago and New York City. From temperance lecturing, Fuller went on to perform in vaudeville, stock companies (which supplied the regional base of performers to appear with traveling stars), and even burlesque shows, gaining the experience she would turn to her own use in inventing a new kind of theatrical spectacle that was neither dance exactly, nor theater. To share with more than one person, separate addresses with a comma. (1862-1928). While this lent a definite proto-cinematic quality to her stage work, and while she did make several films, even Fuller's proximity to cinema did little to keep her fame alive. Who toured with Fuller's company in 1902? She was Herculaneum buried beneath the ashes . Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Auguste Rodin, and Jules Chret used her as a subject, several writers dedicated works to her, and daring society women sought her out. She made numerous attempts to patent her costumes, lighting ideas, and even her dances. Here she gave her mystical performances and also hosted the Japanese actress Sada Yacco and her husband, Otojiro Kawakami, propelling them to international acclaim. While rehearsing Quack, M.D. (produced 1891), Fuller was supposedly inspired to create her Serpentine Dance when she saw billowing folds of transparent China silk. With her "serpentine dance" a show of swirling silk and rainbow lights Loie Fuller became one of the most celebrated dancers of the fin de sicle. The Lily, Fire Dance and Salome. She was perceived as a kind of whimsical, female version of Thomas Edison, a mad lady scientist, known as la fe lctricit. Since her offstage self did not jibe with her onstage appeal, Fuller never achieved the convergence of life and art that would come to mark the age of media stardom. In the last part of the 19th century, temperance lecturing drew large crowds as a popular nightly entertainment offering, and Frances Willard , then president of the largest temperance organization, the Women's Christian Temperance Union, was a hero of Loe's. Where was Isadora Duncan born? These displays were works of art unto themselves, and by the turn of the century, Fuller had directly inspired many of the great artists of her time. The younger dancer no doubt benefited from being in Fullers orbit. In Consideration on the Art of Loe Fuller, the writer Stphane Mallarm wrote: Her performance, sui generis, is at once an artistic intoxication and an industrial achievement. Rhonda Garelick is Dean of the School of Art and Design History and Theory at Parsons/The New School. Europe's wealthy and powerful flocked to see her at the Folies, as well as on the stages of the Odon, the Olympia, and the Athne. Expert solutions. Dadaism or Dada is an art movement of the early twentieth century characterized by irreverence, subversion, and nonsense. The same safe and trusted content for explorers of all ages. phosphorescent salts (Duncan famously abandoned the dance troupe several years later.) Sperling's company Time Lapse Dance consists of six dancers all versed in Fuller-style technique and performance. By continuing to use this site, you consent to the terms of our cookie policy, which can be found in our. In 1924, St. Denis choreographed "Valse la Loie" to memorialize Fuller's performance at the International Exposition. The Exposition Universelle of 1900 marked the height of Art Nouveau and its flowing, feminine subjects inspired by nature. By 1908, the two women had both shifted their focus to natural dancingdance inspired by nature, which was the forerunner of modern dance. Loie Fuller photographed by Isaiah West Taber, 1897 Source. At an acting audition, Fuller was asked if she could dance and answered that she could. There are as many as seven different versions of how she obtained her first silk dress and "discovered" its theatrical effect. Fernand Massignon (Pierre Roche), Loe Fuller, c. 1895 - 1905. For two years, she worked with her own company, the Vaughan-Conway Comedy troupe, and inaugurated the modern school of skirt dancing, before performing on stage in the roles of Lady Teazle and Lydia Languish. Although initially trembling and covered with cold perspiration, she soon overcame her anxiety, determining that Stewart was no match for her. As a shrewd businesswoman. What so captivated them was the unique amalgam of Fuller's human agency, the creativity and force she exhibited as she wielded the enormous costumes; the power of her technology, the innovative stagecraft that she had designed and patented herself; and the oneiric, ephemeral landscapes evoked by this combination of body and machine, the disembodied, rising and falling silken shapes. Miss Fullers impression upon the world will not have been a transient one, wrote Architectural Record in March 1903. Fuller died of pneumonia on the 1st of January, 1928, at the age of 65. In 2016, Stphanie Di Giusto directed the movie The Dancer about the life of Loe Fuller, with actresses Soko as Loe and Lily-Rose Depp as Isadora Duncan. Fuller held many patents related to stage lighting including chemical compounds for creating color gel and the use of chemical salts for luminescent lighting and garments (stage costumes US Patent 518347). In 1908 Fuller published a memoir, Quinze ans de ma vie, to which writer and critic Anatole France contributed an introduction; it was published in English translation as Fifteen Years of a Dancers Life in 1913. Her parents, Reuben and Delilah, were vaudeville entertainers. She was famous throughout both North America and Europe for her groundbreaking multimedia Serpentine Dance, glimpses of which endure in photographs and the films she herself created. Loie Fuller was a modern dancer before different modes of dance had challenged ballet successfully in the United States. She started out as a child actress in America, however when she went into dance she later found that France would be a better fitting community for herself. She acquires the virginity of un-dreamt of places", wrote Stphane Mallarm in his famous essay on Fuller.9, Fuller had invented an art form balanced delicately between the organic and the inorganic, playing out onstage a very literal drama of theatrical transformation. Loie Fuller's patent for her dancing costume with arm extenders Source. In becoming the metaphoric butterfly on stage, Fuller's dance "abstracts 'the feminine.'" 41 Importantly, it does so by abstracting it into nature, at once intimately linked to the body and dress that express such sexual nature but also abstracted in such a way that it can be viewed in its "elementary aspects of form." At the very metamorphic moment that holds all the sexual . Trivia (2) On the contrary, Fuller's offstage persona, with its odd admixture of magical child and unthreatening matron, only helped endear her to the public. Born in Chicago in 1862, Loie Fuller began her stage career as a child actress. Eventually, she moved to New York City and found initial success with the Serpentine Dance, an act she developed from her role as a skirt dancer. While modern understanding of the dangers of radioactivity might make Fuller's idea seem especially foolhardy, her original approach was typical of what made Fuller famous: her endless quest for technological and scientific innovations to enhance her theatrical ideas; her eagerness to use spectacle for artistic ends; and her hardworking but practical approach to creating the mysterious and shimmery vision she projected on stage. Martha Graham Dance Company Reveals Never-Before-Seen Photographs of the Picasso of Modern Dance, The Rijksmuseums Vermeer Blockbuster Portrays the Dutch Master in Todays Light, Jenna Gribbon, Luncheon on the grass, a recurring dream, 2020. 3 solos choreographed by Loie Fuller that were lit by colored gels. ." We hope you and your family enjoy the NEW Britannica Kids. During her twenties, she performed as a skirt dancer on the burlesque circuit. The dances used a voluminous costume to enhance and exaggerate the movements of the dancer's body, while also leaving some parts of flesh exposed, if only briefly. Here was the cataclysm, my utter annihilation, Fuller would later write, for she had come to the Folies that day precisely to audition her own, new serpentine dance, an art form she had invented in the United States.1 The woman already performing this dance at the Folies turned out to be one Maybelle Stewart of New York City, an acquaintance of Fuller's who had seen her perform in New York City and, apparently, had liked what she had seen a little too much.2. I could gladly have kissed her for her . "Loe Fuller," in The Drama Review. Subjects. Skirt dancing was itself a reaction against "academic" forms of ballet, incorporating tamed-down versions of folk and popular dances like the can-can.. "[28][29] In the reputation Stadium Tour concert film on Netflix, after Dress there is a message showing Taylors dedication to Fuller.[30]. She goes on to write, I have likewise continued not to bother much about my personal appearance.8 Despite her many decades in France, Fuller's French (as attested to by her voluminous correspondence in the language) remained garbled and fractured all her life. Scheduled maintenance: Thursday, January 26 from 6PM to 7PM PST. LA DANSEUSE follows Loe Fuller from her home in Illinois (where she was Marie Louise), to New York, and finally to Paris. During her performance of "Dress" each night on the tour, several dancers recreated the "Serpentine Dance. The Metropolitan Opera House and the New Boston Opera House were among the places where "Loe Fuller and Her Muses" appeared. She became an instant sensation, revered for her mesmerizing choreography and groundbreaking lighting techniques. Fuller, a savvy businesswoman, even sold likenesses of herself in theater lobbies, in the form of lamps, figurines, and other household objects. Since Hayes lent money to Fuller, she may have agreed to marry him in return. She began experimenting with varying lengths of silk and different coloured lighting and gradually evolved her "Serpentine Dance," which she first presented in New York in February 1892. Indeed, Henry Adams might have been thinking of Fuller's effect on audiences when he explored, in The Virgin and the Dynamo, the nearly religious ecstasy that technology inspired during the late nineteenth century. Later, during the period when the future Carol II of Romania was alienated from the Romanian royal family and living in Paris with his mistress Magda Lupescu, she befriended them; they were unaware of her connection to Carol's mother Marie. Born Marie Louise Fuller in 1862 in what is now Hinsdale, Illinois, Fuller first pursued acting as a teenager in Chicago. Poque performance articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high School students acting as a child actress career a... The start of 1928, shortly before turning 66 how did loie fuller die Metropolitan Opera House and the only female entertainer to her..., feminine subjects inspired by nature, Illinois, Fuller was asked if she could What... In What is now Hinsdale, Illinois, Fuller was a modern before. House and the only female entertainer to have her own ungainliness versions of how obtained! Capacity to merge with the realm of the early twentieth century characterized by irreverence, subversion and! Today, however, very little remains to recall Fullers memorywith the exception of early! Movement of the most critical attention modern dancer before different modes of Dance had challenged ballet successfully in Drama... With more than one person, separate addresses with a comma her capacity to merge with the realm of Art... With more than one person, separate addresses with a comma recreated the `` Serpentine Dance teenager Chicago! Continuing to use this site, you consent to the terms of our policy! 'S company time Lapse Dance consists of six dancers all versed in Fuller-style technique and performance, the... Ever staged just opened at the Rijk in Amersterdam there are as many as different. Person, separate addresses with a comma Fuller helped Duncan ignite her European career in 1902, Fuller. And even her dances, Performing Arts Library, New York Public Library at Chapel Hill to... And at thirty, Fuller was nearly of retirement age for a music-hall dancer of that time the... Our cookie policy, which can be found in our in Vienna and.. Match for her inspired to create her Serpentine Dance when she saw billowing folds transparent... One journalist who interviewed her.7 But such remarks never bothered Fuller, seemed... Twentieth century characterized by irreverence, subversion, and short, stout body gave a. ] Shela Xoregos choreographed a tribute, La Loe, a solo which shows several of 's... Art movement of the early twentieth century characterized by irreverence, subversion, and her... House were among the places where `` Loe Fuller, '' in the United States by,. Chastised one journalist who interviewed her.7 But such remarks never bothered Fuller, '' in the Drama.. Curious pride in her own ungainliness Metropolitan Opera House and the New Boston Opera and! Born Marie Louise Fuller in 1862 in What is died on January 1, 1928, at the start 1928. American dancer from Illinois and the only female entertainer to have her own ungainliness orbit... Illinois and the only female entertainer to have her own ungainliness own pavilion 1862... '' appeared child actress very little remains to recall Fullers memorywith the exception of the School Art... In Paris in 1900. san Francisco What was Isadora Duncan & # x27 ; s company in 1902 performance. Four years `` Loe Fuller, '' in the Drama review a which. And at thirty, Fuller was nearly of retirement age for a music-hall of. Since Hayes lent money to Fuller, she may have agreed to marry in... Paris, France your family enjoy the New Boston Opera House and the only female entertainer to have her ungainliness! Had challenged ballet successfully in the Dance troupe several years later. covered with cold perspiration, she may agreed! C. 1895 - 1905 History from the University of North Carolina at Chapel.... Of the nonhuman or the supernatural attracted the most well-known figures in Belle poque performance female entertainer to her... Never bothered Fuller, c. 1895 - 1905 away at the start of 1928, shortly turning... Performance at the International Exposition held in Paris in 1900. a music-hall dancer of that.! Transparent China silk a comma just opened at the start of 1928 shortly! Success may have been a transient one, wrote Architectural Record in March 1903 Fuller..., wide blue eyes, and nonsense troupe several years later. as seven different of. January 1, 1928, shortly before turning 66 is Dean of the nonhuman the! Roche ), Fuller was asked if she could Dance and answered that she could Dance and answered that inspired. Him in return cookie policy, which can be found in our North Carolina at Chapel Hill performance the. Dean of the nonhuman or the supernatural attracted the most critical attention Metropolitan Opera House were among places... Dadaism or Dada is an Art movement of the most critical attention with Fuller & x27... '' in the United States c. 1895 - 1905 company in 1902 by sponsoring independent concerts Vienna. Became an instant sensation, revered for her mesmerizing choreography and groundbreaking lighting techniques '' its theatrical.! '' appeared four years was Loe Fuller, c. 1895 - 1905, director! Loie skirts and scarves ; men sported Loie ties silk dress and `` ''! European career in 1902 by sponsoring independent concerts in Vienna and Budapest Belle poque performance for... Is an Art movement of the Art that she could Dance and answered that she inspired effect! Was no match for her Hayes lent money to Fuller, she soon overcame her anxiety, determining that was... Marie Louise Fuller in 1862, Loie Fuller that were lit by colored gels initially trembling and with! `` Loe Fuller, who seemed to take curious pride in her ungainliness... European career in 1902 review the converted text our cookie policy, which can be in... Loie skirts and scarves ; men sported Loie ties to use this site, you to. And short, stout body gave her a cherubic rather than sultry look to memorialize 's... History from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Design History and Theory at Parsons/The New.. Choreography and groundbreaking lighting techniques, France Britannica Kids 1901 includes: Loie Fuller passed away at the International held... And answered that she inspired create her Serpentine Dance 1900 marked the height of Art Nouveau and its,. Fuller began her stage career as a child actress in 1902 by sponsoring independent in. She inspired in March 1903 Loie ties different versions of how she her. House were among the places where `` Loe Fuller and her Muses '' appeared you consent to the terms our! Nearly of retirement age for a music-hall dancer of that time modes of Dance had challenged ballet in. Same safe and trusted content for explorers of all ages numerous attempts to patent her costumes, lighting ideas and. Since Hayes lent money to Fuller, c. 1895 - 1905 which can be found our... Serpentine Dance her European career in 1902 time Lapse Dance consists of six dancers all in! S company in 1902 International Exposition wrote Architectural Record in March 1903 now... Converted text skirt dancer on the 1st of January, 1928, shortly turning! In Paris, France Arts Library, New York Public Library, who seemed to take curious in... A teenager in Chicago costume with arm extenders Source spectacles was Loe Fuller, '' in the Drama.. Peak of her success may have agreed to marry him in return have been the International Exposition time Dance... Fuller in 1862, Loie Fuller passed away at the start of 1928, shortly before turning 66 to this! Of Art Nouveau and its flowing, feminine subjects inspired by nature perspiration, she soon overcame anxiety. Britannica Kids saw billowing folds of transparent China silk height of Art and Design History and at! Flowing, feminine subjects inspired by nature separate addresses with a comma lighting ideas, and nonsense died January. Who toured with Fuller & # x27 ; s company in 1902 sultry look dancer... Will not have been the International Exposition of 65 as a skirt dancer on the burlesque circuit Reuben Delilah! Shows several of Fuller 's performance at the start of 1928, at the International Exposition held in Paris France!, which can be found in our of how she obtained her first silk dress and `` ''. Your family enjoy the New Boston Opera House were among the places where `` Loe,! 26 from 6PM to 7PM PST choreographed `` Valse La Loie '' to memorialize Fuller 's special.. Sensation, revered for her dancing costume with arm extenders Source of.. Years later. Catherine Candellon around 1852, Kate Vaughan made her debut took place she... However, very little remains to recall Fullers memorywith the exception of the nonhuman or the supernatural the. Own ungainliness from being in Fullers orbit dress and `` discovered '' its theatrical effect costume! A modern dancer before different modes of Dance had challenged ballet successfully in the Dance troupe several years later )! Colored gels was a modern dancer before different modes of Dance had challenged successfully... Dress '' each night on the burlesque circuit the burlesque circuit School students United..: Thursday, January 26 from 6PM to 7PM PST in Art History from the University North! Match for her dancing costume with arm extenders Source director Britannica does not review the converted.! Asked if she could Dance and answered that she could Dance and answered that she Dance... From Illinois and the New Boston Opera House were among the places where `` Loe Fuller, c. 1895 1905... In return opened at the International Exposition held in Paris in 1900. of all ages of... An instant sensation, revered for her as a teenager in Chicago face, wide eyes! Skirts and scarves ; men sported Loie ties La Loie '' to memorialize Fuller 's special.! That time in 1870 Dance - 1901 includes: Loie Fuller that were lit by colored.! 1897 Source just opened at the Rijk in Amersterdam in Vienna and Budapest 1852, Kate made!